OPTIMIZATION OF WASTE MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS IN THE CONTEXT OF POST-WAR RECOVERY: IMPLEMENTATION OF IOT TECHNOLOGIES TO IMPROVE LOGISTICS AND REDUCE COSTS IN UKRAINIAN CITIES
Abstract
The article examines the current problems of solid waste management in the post-war reconstruction of Ukrainian cities. Particular attention is paid to the analysis of threats associated with the destruction of waste processing facilities, uncontrolled circulation of toxic and medical waste, as well as the destruction of landfills. Priority areas for reducing risks are identified: digitalization of monitoring systems, creation of mobile sorting stations and formation of strategic reserves of equipment for working with hazardous waste. A key aspect of the study is the implementation of Internet of Things (IoT) technologies for monitoring the level of filling of garbage containers in real time. This allows not only to promptly respond to situations with overflow, but also to significantly optimize the logistics of waste removal, reducing fuel costs, reducing the load on personnel and transport fleet, and increasing environmental safety. Analysis of the IEEE Xplore database and our own calculations confirm the effectiveness of using ultrasonic sensors, GPS modules, and modern communication technologies in waste management systems. Using practical research as an example, a basic model for calculating garbage truck logistics costs is presented, taking into account distance, fuel consumption, and its cost. After implementing IoT systems and optimizing routes, a significant reduction in the average distance traveled by vehicles and the number of active garbage trucks is achieved, which allows for a significant reduction in monthly logistics costs. This also helps reduce the load on the transport fleet and reduce CO₂ emissions. The hypothesis of the study that the implementation of IoT solutions allows for a reduction in logistics costs by at least 15% has been confirmed in practice. Recommendations are proposed for the phased implementation of the following technologies: installation of filling sensors, automation of route planning, regular maintenance of equipment, formation of a reserve fleet of garbage trucks, and the search for international grants to finance innovations. The results of the study have practical significance for local governments, municipal services, and international donors interested in modernizing waste management systems in the deoccupied regions of Ukraine. The introduction of digital technologies will not only increase economic efficiency, but also contribute to improving the environmental situation and the quality of life of the population.
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